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Nutrients are essential components of good health and proper body functioning, and come in various forms including macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Some nutrients must be consumed daily since their stores cannot be kept within our bodies.
Vitamins
Vitamins play numerous roles in our bodies, from strengthening bones to improving immune function and from turning food into energy to repairing cell damage. Most people get enough vitamins through eating healthily but some may require supplementation. Vitamins are organic substances essential for growth and normal cellular functions that need small amounts to enter our bloodstream through intestinal wall absorption; four fat-soluble vitamins – A, D, E and K are stored in liver tissue until finally released back into circulation for release into circulation.
Vitamins, as opposed to minerals, are organic compounds essential for human survival that must be consumed through our food or supplements in order to meet our body’s demands as living organisms cannot produce enough for us. The National Academy of Medicine establishes recommended daily intake for each vitamin according to research available and most vitamins comprise not a single molecule but collections known as vitamers (for instance four tocotrienols make up vitamin E). They all play an essential part in life.
Minerals
Minerals are naturally-occurring substances with specific chemical components and an ordered arrangement of atoms, but mineralogists can also produce artificial copies (emeralds or sapphires, for instance) with similar chemical composition.
Minerals play essential roles in many physiological processes, from bone development and repair to enzyme function, nerve signaling, and immune response. Any shortage or excesses in minerals may have serious health implications; deficiencies or excesses of macrominerals like calcium, magnesium and phosphate deficiency could lead to osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and neuromuscular dysfunction, while excess iron can increase infection susceptibility leading to anemia and decreased immunity.
Human bodies rely on trace minerals in small doses for many essential functions, including regulating blood pressure, heart rhythm and metabolism as well as maintaining healthy teeth and bones and producing and repairing hormones and antibodies. Trace minerals can be found in many foods including leafy green vegetables, nuts seeds and shellfish; vitamins and minerals work together to protect cells against damage so incorporating all into your diet is key to its overall wellbeing.
Trace Elements
Trace elements are micronutrients present in small amounts (mg per day or less) in proteins and enzymes and essential for their proper function. Examples of trace elements are iron, copper, chromium and zinc from metal sources as well as nonmetals like fluoride selenium and iodine from nonmetallic sources; aluminum cadmium arsenic can all be dangerous when consumed excessively.
Humans typically don’t experience deficiency syndromes from these nutrients due to low requirements; iron is necessary for healthy red blood cells and cofactors for many enzymatic reactions, while copper works alongside iron to produce hemoglobin in red blood cells that deliver oxygen throughout the body. Finally, zinc acts as a catalyst in numerous enzymes as well as being an integral component in enzyme-based chemical reactions occurring throughout our bodies.
Some trace elements have been linked with chronic diseases, but the evidence supporting most is limited. Iodine deficiency has been associated with goiter in certain instances while copper’s role is related inversely to cardiovascular risk factors – further research into their roles as potential ways to lower chronic disease risks must take place.
